1. One of the responsibilities of the transport layer protocol is to create a ______ communication.

2. UDP is called a ________________transport protocol.

3. UDP does not add anything to the services of IP except for providing _______ communication

4. UDP is an acronym for _______

5. Although there are several ways to achieve process-to-process communication, the most common is through the __________ paradigm

6. The local host and the remote host are defined using IP addresses. To define the processes, we need second identifiers called ____________

7. The ports ranging from 49,152 to 65,535 can be used as temporary or private port numbers. They are called the ________ ports

8. In the sending computer, UDP receives a data unit from the _______ layer.

9. In the sending computer, UDP sends a data unit to the _______ layer

10. UDP and TCP are both _______ layer protocols

11. Which of the following functions does UDP perform?

12. When the IP layer of a receiving host receives a datagram, _______

13. UDP needs the _______ address to deliver the user datagram to the correct application process

14. A port address in UDP is _______bits long.

15. Which of the following does UDP guarantee?

16. The source port address on the UDP user datagram header defines _______

17. The combination of an IP address and a port number is called a ____________

18. To use the services of UDP, we need ________ socket addresses

19. UDP packets are called __________

20. UDP packets have a fixed-size header of _______ bytes

21. UDP packets are encapsulated in ___________

22. UDP uses ________ to handle outgoing user datagrams from multiple processes on one host

23. UDP uses _______ to handle incoming user datagrams that go to different processes on the same host.

24. TCP is a __________protocol

25. TCP allows the sending process to deliver data as a _______of bytes and allows the receiving process to obtain data as a _________ of bytes

26. Because the sending and the receiving processes may not write or read data at the same speed, TCP ________

27. TCP groups a number of bytes together into a packet called a ___________

28. TCP is a ___________ protocol.

29. TCP is a(n) _______ transport protocol

30. TCP uses _________________ to check the safe and sound arrival of data.

31. The bytes of data being transferred in each connection are numbered by TCP. The numbering starts with a __________________

32. TCP assigns a sequence number to each segment that is being sent. The sequence number for each segment is the number of the _______ byte carried in that segment.

33. Communication in TCP is ___________

34. The value of the acknowledgment field in a segment defines the number of the ______byte a party expects to receive

35. The acknowledgment number is ________

36. The value of the window size is determined by _________

37. The inclusion of the checksum in the TCP segment is ________

38. A TCP segment is encapsulated in __________

39. Connection establishment in TCP is called __________ handshaking

40. A SYN segment cannot carry data; it consumes _____ sequence number(s).

41. A SYN + ACK segment cannot carry data; it consumes _____ sequence number(s).

42. An ACK segment, if carrying no data, consumes ______ sequence number(s).

43. The connection establishment procedure in TCP is susceptible to a serious security problem called the _________ attack.

44. The SYN flooding attack belongs to a group of security attacks known as a _____ attack

45. The FIN segment consumes ____ sequence numbers if it does not carry data.

46. The FIN + ACK segment consumes _____ sequence number(s) if it does not carry data

47. In TCP, one end can stop sending data while still receiving data. This is called a ______.

48. A(n) _________ machine is a machine that goes through a limited number of states.

49. _____ control regulates the amount of data a source can send before receiving an acknowledgment from the destination.

50. To accomplish flow control, TCP uses a ___________ window protocol

51. TCP sliding windows are __________ oriented

52. ACK segments consume _______ sequence number(s) and _______ acknowledged

53. TCP delivers _______ out-of-order segments to the process

54. IP is responsible for _______ communication while TCP is responsible for _______ communication

55. If a segment carries data along with an acknowledgment, this is called _______

56. Multiply the header length field by _______ to find the total number of bytes in the TCP header

57. Urgent data requires the urgent pointer field as well as the URG bit in the _______ field

58. The options field of the TCP header ranges from 0 to _______ bytes.

59. If the ACK value is 200, then byte _______ has been received successfully

60. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new _____________protocol.

61. SCTP allows __________ service in each association

62. SCTP association allows _____________ for each end

63. In SCTP, a data chunk is numbered using ________

64. To distinguish between different streams, SCTP uses ___________

65. To distinguish between different data chunks belonging to the same stream, SCTP uses ___________

66. TCP has ____________; SCTP has ____________

67. The control information in SCTP is included in the ________

68. An SCTP packet can carry __________

69. In SCTP, the acknowledgment number and window size are part of each ________

70. There is no need for a header length field in SCTP because ________________

71. The checksum in SCTP is ________ bits.

72. The association identifier in SCTP is __________________

73. In SCTP, control information and data information are carried in _______ chunks.

74. In SCTP, acknowledgment numbers are used to acknowledge _____________

75. In an SCTP packet, control chunks come ___________ data chunks

76. In SCTP, ___________ can be carried in a packet that carries an INIT chunk

77. A connection in SCTP is called an ____________