Question: The FTP establishes _________ connection(s).

Answer:

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) establishes two connections during a session: a control connection and a data connection.

1. Control Connection: The control connection is the primary connection established between the FTP client and the FTP server. It is used for sending commands, responses, and control information between the client and server. The control connection remains open throughout the FTP session and is responsible for managing the session's control flow.

2. Data Connection: The data connection is established separately from the control connection and is used for transferring actual data, such as files or directory listings. The data connection is dynamically created and terminated for each data transfer operation. There can be multiple data connections established during an FTP session, depending on the number of data transfers being performed.

The control connection handles commands and responses related to authentication, navigation, and control of the FTP session, while the data connection is responsible for the actual transfer of files or directory information.

In summary, FTP establishes both a control connection and one or more data connections to facilitate the transfer of files and manage the FTP session.