Computer Networking – Network Layer MCQs

1. Packetizing at the network layer involves

2. Routers in the path are not allowed to ___________________________.

3. The network layer in the Internet provides _________________.

4. In a virtual-circuit approach, the forwarding decision is based on the value of the _____________ field in the packet header.

5. In a datagram approach, the forwarding decision is based on the value of the _____________ field in the packet header.

6. The performance of a network can be measured in terms of ________.

7. Transmission delay (time) is the ratio of ______________________.

8. Propagation delay (time) is the ratio of ______________________.

9. When the load in the network reaches the network capacity, the packet delay ___________ and the network throughput reaches ______________.

10. In open-loop congestion control, policies are applied ____________________.

11. The __________________ technique is one of the open-loop congestion policy

12. The __________________ technique is one of the close-loop congestion policy

13. IP is a _________ protocol.

14. An HLEN value of decimal 10 means _______.

15. If the fragment offset has a value of 100, it means that _______.

16. What is needed to determine the number of the last byte of a fragment?

17. The IP header size is _______ bytes long.

18. Packets in the IP layer are called _________.

19. The total length field defines the total length of the datagram _________.

20. When a datagram is encapsulated in a frame, the total size of the datagram must be less than the _______.

21. An IPv4 address is normally represented in base ____ in dotted-decimal notation.

22. In classful addressing, the IPv4 address space is divided into _______ classes.

23. The number of addresses assigned to an organization in classless addressing _______.

24. The first address assigned to an organization in classless addressing _______.

25. In subnetting, the number of addresses in each subnet must _______.

26. What is the default prefix length for class A in CIDR notation?

27. What is the default prefix length for class B in CIDR notation?

28. What is the default prefix length for class C in CIDR notation?

29. DHCP is a (an) ___________ layer protocol.

30. In DHCP, the client uses ________ port and the server uses _________ port.

31. DHCP uses the services of _______.

32. _________ allows a site to use a set of private addresses for internal communication and a set of global Internet addresses for communication with the rest of the world.

33. The idea of address aggregation was designed to alleviate the increase in routing table entries when using ________ addressing.

34. The use of hierarchy in routing tables can ________ the size of the routing tables.

35. ICMP is a (an) _________ layer protocol.

36. Which of the following is true about ICMP messages?

37. Routing inside an autonomous system is referred to as ________ routing.

38. Routing between autonomous systems is referred to as ______ routing.

39. In _______ routing, the least cost route between any two nodes is the route with the minimum distance.

40. In ________, each node maintains a vector (table) of minimum distances to every node.

41. In distance vector routing, each node periodically shares its routing table with _________ and whenever there is a change.

42. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an intradomain routing based on _________ routing.

43. The metric used by _______ is the hop count.

44. In RIP, the ________ timer controls the advertising of regular update messages.

45. In RIP, the ________ timer is used to purge invalid routes from the table.

46. In RIP, the ________ timer controls the validity of the route.

47. RIP uses the services of _______.

48. The _________ routing uses the Dijkstra algorithm to build a routing table.

49. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an intradomain routing protocol based on _______ routing.

50. The _______ protocol allows the administrator to assign a cost, called the metric, to each route.

51. In OSPF, a ________ link connects two routers without any other host or router in between.

52. In OSPF, a _______ link is a network with several routers attached to it.

53. In OSPF, a ________ link is a network connected to only one router.

54. In OSPF, a ________ defines the links of a network.

55. ___________ is an interdomain routing protocol using path vector routing.

56. A one-to-all communication between one source and all hosts on a network is classified as a _______ communication.

57. A one-to-many communication between one source and a specific group of hosts is classified as a _______ communication.

58. A one-to-one communication between one source and one destination is classified as a _______ communication.

59. In ______, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces.

60. In multicast routing, each involved router needs to construct a ________ path tree for each group.

61. In the _______ tree approach to multicasting, each router needs to create a separate tree for each source-group.

62. The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) routing uses the _______ tree approach.

63. The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is an extension of the OSPF protocol that uses multicast routing to create source-based trees. The protocol is based on _______ routing.

64. In RPF, a router forwards only the copy that has traveled the _______ path from the source to the router.

65. RPF eliminates the ________ in the flooding process.

66. RPB creates a shortest path _______ tree from the source to each destination.

67. RPB guarantees that each destination receives _________ of the packet.

68. In ________, the multicast packet must reach only those networks that have active members for that particular group.

69. _______ adds pruning and grafting to _______ to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.

70. __________ is an implementation of multicast distance vector routing. It is a source-based routing protocol, based on RIP.

71. DVMRP is a ________ routing protocol, based on RIP.

72. Pruning and grafting are strategies used in _______.

73. PIM-DM is used when the number of routers with attached members is ______ relative to the number of routers in the internet.

74. PIM-SM is used when the number of routers with attached members is ______ relative to the number of routers in the internet.

75. An IPv6 address is _________ bits long.

76. An IPv6 address consists of ________ bytes (octets);

77. In hexadecimal colon notation, a 128-bit address is divided into _______ sections, each _____ hexadecimal digits in length.

78. An IPv6 address can have up to __________ hexadecimal digits.

79. In IPv6, the _______ field in the base header restricts the lifetime of a datagram.

80. The _________ in IPv6 is designed to provide special handling for a particular flow of data.

81. When two computers using IPv6 want to communicate but the packet must pass through an IPv4 region, which transition strategy should be used?

82. When the majority of the Internet has moved to the IPv6 but some still use IPv4, which transition strategy should be used?

83. The protocols __________________________ in version 4 are combined into one single protocol, ICMPv6.