Data Communication and Networking – Short Questions Answers Set-11

Here in this section of Data Communication Basics Short Questions Answers,We have listed out some of the important Short Questions with Answers which will help students to answer it correctly in their University Written Exam.

Lets have a look at below Lists of Short Descriptive type Questions with Answers

1.What is HDLC?
Ans: It is a bit oriented data link protocol designed to support both half duplex and full duplexcommunication over point to point and multi point links.HDLC is characterized by their stationtype,configuration and their response modes.

2.What do you mean by point to point protocol?
Ans: The point to point protocol was designed to provide a dedicated line for users who needinternet access via a telephone line or a cable TV connection. Its connection goes through threephases: idle, establishing, authenticating, networking and terminating.
At data link layer it employs a version of HDLC.

3. What do you mean by point to point protocol stack?
Ans: Point to point protocol uses a stack of other protocol to use the link, to authenticate theparties involved, and to carry the network layer data. Three sets of protocols are defined: linkcontrol protocol, Authentication protocol, and network control protocol.

4.What do you mean by line control protocol?
Ans: It is responsible for establishing, maintaining, configuring, and terminating links.
55.What do you mean by Authentication protocol?
Ans: Authentication means validating the identity of a user who needs to access a set ofresources.
It is of two typesi)Password Authentication Protocol(PAP)
ii)Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol(CHAP)
PAP is a two step process. The user sends a authentication identification and a password. Thesystem determines the validity of the Information sent.CHAP is a three step process. The systemsends a value to the user. The user manipulates the value and sends the result. The systemVerifies the result.

5.What do you mean by network control protocol?
Ans: Network control protocol is a set of protocols to allow the encapsulation of data comingfrom network layer protocol that requires the services of PPP.

6. What do you mean by CSMA?
Ans: To reduce the possibility of collision CSMA method was developed. In CSMA each stationfirst listen to the medium (Or check the state of the medium) before sending. It can’t eliminatecollision.

7.What do you mean by Bluetooth?
Ans: It is a wireless LAN technology designed to connect devices of different functions such astelephones, notebooks, computers, cameras, printers and so on. Bluetooth LAN Is an adhocnetwork that is the network is formed spontaneously? It is the implementation of protocoldefined by the IEEE 802.15 standard.

8.What is IP address?
Ans: The internet address (IP address) is 32bits that uniquely and universally defines a host orrouter on the internet.
The portion of the IP address that identifies the network is called netid. The portion of the IPaddress that identifies the host or router on the network is called hostid.

9.What do you mean by subnetting?
Ans: Subnetting divides one large network into several smaller ones. It adds an intermediatelevel of hierarchy in IP addressing.

10.What are the advantages of fiber optics cable ?
Ans: The advantages of fiber optics cable over twisted pair cable are Noise resistance-As theyuse light so external noise is not a factor. Less signal attenuation-fiber optics transmissiondistance is significantly greater than that of other guided media.Higher bandwidth-It can supporthigher bandwidth.

12.What are the disadvantages of fiber optics cable?
Ans: The disadvantages of fiber optics cable over twisted pair cable areCost-It is expensive Installation/maintenance-Any roughness or cracking defuses light and altersthe signal Fragility-It is more fragile.

13.What are the propagation type of radio wave ?
Ans: Radio wave propagation is dependent upon frequency.There are five propagation type.
i)surface propagationii)Tropospheric propagationiii)Ionospheric propagationiv)Line of sight propagationv)space propagation

14.What do you mean by Geosynchronous Satellites ?
Ans: Satellite communication uses a satellite in geosynchronous orbit to relay signals.TheSatellite must move at the same speed as the earth so that it seems to remain fixed above acertain spot..Only one orbit can be geosynchronous.This orbit occurs at the equatorial plane andis approximately 22,000 miles from the surface of earth.

15.What are the factors for evaluating the suitability of the media ?
Ans: The factors are cost,throughput,attenuation,Electromagneric interference(EMI),securtty.

16.What do you mean by medium access control(MAC) sublayer.
Ans: The protocols used to determine who goes next on a multi-access channel belong to asublayer of the data link layer is called the multi-access channel(MAC) sublayer.It is the buttompart of data link layer.

17.What do you mean by ALOHA ?
Ans: It is the method used to solve the channel allocation problem .It is used for:
i)ground based radio broadcastingii)In a network in which uncoordinated users are competing for the use of single channel.
It is of two types:
1.Pure aloha2.Slotted aloha

18.What is pure ALOHA?
Ans: It lets users transmit whenever they have data to sent.Collision may occur but due tofeedback property sender can know the status of message.conflict occur when at one time morebits are transmitted.The assumptions are :
i)all frame size is same for all user.
ii)collision occur when frames are transmitted simultaneouslyiii)indefinite population of no of user.
iv)N=number of frames/frame timeiv)it obeys poisson’s distribution if N>1 there will be collision 0<1

19.What is slotted ALOHA?
Ans: In this method time is divided into discrete intervals,each interval corresponding to oneframe.It requires user to agree on slot boundaries.Here data is not send at any time instead it waitfor beginning of the next slot.Thus pure ALOHA is tuened into discrete one.

20.What do you mean by persistent CSMA(carrier sense multiple access) ?
Ans: When a station has data to send,it first listens to the channel to see if anyone else istransmitting at that moment.If channel is busy it waits until the station becomes idle. Whencollision occurs it waits and then sends.It sends frame with probability 1 when channel is idle.