Question: The Programs which are as permanent as hardware and stored in ROM is known as

Answer:

The programs which are as permanent as hardware and stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory) are known as "firmware". Firmware is a type of software that is closely tied to specific hardware and is designed to perform specific functions for that hardware. It is called firmware because it is a combination of software and hardware, and it is typically stored in non-volatile memory like ROM, which retains its contents even when the power is turned off.

Firmware is often used in embedded systems such as consumer electronics, medical devices, automotive systems, and industrial automation systems. It is responsible for controlling the low-level functions of the hardware, such as booting up the device, managing the input/output (I/O) operations, and providing an interface between the hardware and other software layers. Examples of firmware include the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a personal computer, the firmware in a router or modem, and the firmware in a digital camera.