Question: ………. is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide platform for running application software

Answer:

The computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and provide a platform for running application software is called an "operating system" (OS). An operating system acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the software applications.

The primary functions of an operating system include:

1. Hardware abstraction: The operating system abstracts the underlying hardware, providing a uniform interface for software applications to interact with the hardware components. It manages resources such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices.

2. Process management: The operating system oversees the execution of processes (programs in execution). It schedules processes, allocates system resources, and provides mechanisms for inter-process communication and synchronization.

3. Memory management: The operating system manages the system's memory resources. It allocates and deallocates memory to processes, handles memory swapping to disk when necessary, and ensures efficient memory utilization.

4. File system management: The operating system provides a file system that organizes and manages files on storage devices. It handles file creation, deletion, and access, and provides file security and permissions.

5. Device management: The operating system controls and coordinates the operation of input/output devices such as keyboards, mice, printers, and network interfaces. It provides device drivers and manages their interaction with software applications.

6. User interface: The operating system offers a user interface through which users interact with the computer system. This can be a command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI), allowing users to run applications, manage files, and configure system settings.

7. Security and protection: The operating system enforces security measures to protect the system from unauthorized access and malicious software. It manages user authentication, access control, and implements various security mechanisms.

Examples of popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android. Each operating system provides a platform for software developers to create applications that can run on top of it, utilizing its resources and services.