Data Communication and Networking MCQs Set-1

Resources and information among multiple devices such as computers, printers, and servers. Some of the resources that can be shared in a computer network include:

1. Files and documents: Network users can share files and documents with each other. This makes it easy to collaborate on projects and to access files from different devices.
2. Printers: Multiple users can share a single printer, making it easier to print documents without the need for each user to have their own printer.
3. Internet connection: A network can share a single internet connection among multiple devices. This can be useful in situations where internet access is limited or expensive.
4. Applications and software: In a networked environment, software and applications can be installed on a central server and accessed by multiple users.
5. Storage devices: Network storage devices such as network-attached storage (NAS) devices allow users to store and share large amounts of data across a network.
6. Peripherals: Other peripheral devices such as scanners, cameras, and projectors can be shared in a networked environment.

By allowing users to share these resources, a computer network can improve productivity, enhance communication, and reduce costs.

The first operational computer network in the world was the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), which was created in the late 1960s by the United States Department of Defense. The ARPANET was designed to connect computers at different locations so that researchers could share resources and collaborate on projects. It was the predecessor to the modern Internet and was a key development in the history of computer networking.

ATM stands for "Automated Teller Machine." It is a specialized computer terminal that allows users to perform banking transactions without the need for a human teller. ATMs are typically used to withdraw cash, check account balances, and transfer funds between accounts. They can be found in banks, retail locations, and other public places such as airports and shopping malls. ATMs are available 24/7 and provide users with convenient access to their bank accounts.

The technology that connects machines and people within a site in a small area is called a Local Area Network (LAN). A LAN is a computer network that is confined to a relatively small area, such as a single building or campus. It typically consists of a group of interconnected devices such as computers, printers, and servers, along with the necessary networking hardware such as switches and routers. A LAN can be used to share resources and information among devices within a site, allowing users to communicate and collaborate more effectively. Some examples of LANs include office networks, school networks, and home networks.

MAN stands for "Metropolitan Area Network". A Metropolitan Area Network is a type of computer network that covers a larger geographic area than a Local Area Network (LAN) but smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN). It typically covers a metropolitan area, such as a city or a town. A MAN can be used to connect multiple LANs together, providing users with access to shared resources and information over a wider area. MANs are often used by businesses, universities, and other organizations that need to connect geographically dispersed locations within a city or a town.

A network that covers geographic areas larger than a LAN, such as districts or cities, is called a Wide Area Network (WAN). A WAN is a network that spans a large geographic area and typically connects multiple LANs or other networks together. WANs can be used to connect devices in different buildings, cities, or even countries, allowing users to communicate and share resources over long distances. Examples of WAN technologies include the internet, leased lines, and satellite links. WANs are often used by businesses, government agencies, and other organizations that need to connect geographically dispersed locations.

A Ring Network is a collection of point-to-point links that may form a circle. In a ring network, each device is connected to two other devices, forming a continuous loop or ring. Data is transmitted around the ring in one direction, with each device passing the data to the next device until it reaches its destination. Ring networks can be used to connect devices in a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), depending on the network topology and the type of devices being used. Ring networks have the advantage of being resilient to individual link failures, as data can still be transmitted around the ring in the opposite direction. However, they can be slower than other types of networks due to the need for data to travel around the entire ring.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Internetworking Equipment devices are devices used to connect ISDN networks with other types of networks. They are typically used in telecommunications to provide a bridge between different types of networks, allowing users to communicate and exchange information across different types of networks. Some common ISDN internetworking equipment devices include:

1. ISDN routers: These devices are used to connect ISDN networks with other types of networks, such as local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs). They provide routing functions to enable data to be transmitted between the networks.
2. ISDN switches: These devices are used to connect multiple ISDN devices to a single ISDN line, allowing users to share a single connection.
3. ISDN terminal adapters: These devices are used to connect non-ISDN devices, such as analog telephones or fax machines, to an ISDN network.

ISDN internetworking equipment devices are an important component of telecommunications infrastructure and are used by businesses, government agencies, and other organizations to connect and communicate with others across different types of networks.

• ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks are a type of high-speed networking technology used to transmit large amounts of data over a network. ATM networks use a fixed-size cell-based transmission protocol, which provides a highly efficient and reliable means of transmitting data.
• In an ATM network, data is divided into fixed-size cells, each of which contains a header and a payload. The header contains information about the cell's destination and the priority level of the data, while the payload contains the actual data being transmitted. These cells are then transmitted over the network using virtual circuits, which are established between two devices to provide a dedicated communication path for the transmission of data.
• ATM networks are used in a variety of applications, including voice and video transmission, high-speed data transfer, and internet access. They are commonly used by service providers to provide high-speed network connectivity to businesses and other organizations, as well as for backbone networks that connect different types of networks together. While ATM technology has been largely superseded by newer networking technologies such as Ethernet and IP, it is still used in some specialized applications where high-speed, reliable data transmission is critical.

• DHCP stands for "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol". DHCP is a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices on a network.
• When a device connects to a network using DHCP, it sends a request to a DHCP server for an IP address and other network configuration information, such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses. The DHCP server then assigns an available IP address to the device, along with the other configuration information. This allows the device to communicate with other devices on the network and access the internet.
• DHCP is widely used in local area networks (LANs) and is a key component of most home and small business networks. It simplifies network administration by automating the assignment of IP addresses and other network configuration information, which can be time-consuming and error-prone if done manually. DHCP also allows network administrators to manage IP addresses and other network resources more efficiently, as it can help prevent IP address conflicts and ensure that devices are configured correctly.