Top 30 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) only focused on the Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) for Information Disclosure in the context of web security covering below topics,along with their answers and explanations.
• Explaining how XSS attacks can be used for information disclosure.
• Discussing scenarios where attackers inject malicious scripts to steal sensitive information.
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1. What is Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in the context of web security?
- A technique for encrypting sensitive information during data transmission.
- An attack where malicious scripts are injected into web pages viewed by other users.
- A method for securing user authentication credentials.
- A tool for encrypting server-side databases.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is an attack where malicious scripts are injected into web pages viewed by other users, often leading to information disclosure.
2. In a Stored XSS attack, where does the malicious script typically reside?
- In the user's browser.
- On the server-side database.
- In the URL.
- In the web application's source code.
In a Stored XSS attack, the malicious script is typically stored on the server-side database, allowing it to be served to users when they access the compromised page.
3. How can an attacker leverage Reflected XSS for information disclosure?
- By storing the malicious script in the web application's database.
- By injecting the malicious script into a web page, which is then served to the victim via a URL.
- Reflected XSS cannot be used for information disclosure.
- By directly modifying the web application's source code.
In Reflected XSS, the attacker injects the malicious script into a web page, and the victim unknowingly executes the script when accessing the manipulated URL, potentially leading to information disclosure.
4. In what scenario can an attacker use XSS to steal user cookies and session tokens?
- When the web application uses strong encryption for cookies.
- When the attacker injects a malicious script that captures user cookies and sends them to an external server.
- XSS attacks do not target cookies.
- When the user has a firewall installed.
An attacker can use XSS to steal user cookies and session tokens by injecting a malicious script that captures the cookies and sends them to an external server controlled by the attacker.
5. How can an attacker employ DOM-based XSS to perform information disclosure?
- By targeting the web application's server.
- By manipulating the Document Object Model (DOM) in the user's browser to extract sensitive information.
- DOM-based XSS attacks do not lead to information disclosure.
- By modifying the web application's source code.
In DOM-based XSS, the attacker manipulates the Document Object Model (DOM) in the user's browser to extract sensitive information, leading to potential information disclosure.
6. What type of information is typically disclosed in a Document.location XSS attack?
- User's browser version.
- User's IP address.
- User's GPS coordinates.
- User's current URL.
In a Document.location XSS attack, the attacker may disclose the user's current URL, potentially revealing sensitive information about the user's actions on the web application.
7. In a BeEF (Browser Exploitation Framework) attack, how can an attacker leverage XSS for information disclosure?
- BeEF attacks are not related to XSS.
- By injecting BeEF scripts that exploit browser vulnerabilities to gather information about the user.
- By directly manipulating the web application's server.
- BeEF attacks are limited to server-side exploitation.
In a BeEF attack, an attacker leverages XSS by injecting BeEF scripts that exploit browser vulnerabilities to gather information about the user, potentially leading to information disclosure.
8. How can an attacker use XSS to manipulate form submissions and gather sensitive information?
- By targeting the web application's server.
- By injecting a malicious script that intercepts and manipulates form submissions before they reach the server.
- XSS attacks cannot manipulate form submissions.
- By modifying the web application's source code.
An attacker can use XSS to manipulate form submissions by injecting a malicious script that intercepts and manipulates the data before it is sent to the server, potentially leading to the disclosure of sensitive information.
9. What is the impact of an attacker injecting a keylogger through XSS on a web page?
- Keyloggers injected through XSS have no impact on web security.
- The keylogger can capture keystrokes entered by users, including sensitive information such as usernames and passwords.
- Keyloggers only impact the server's processing speed.
- Keyloggers are only relevant for advanced users.
The impact of injecting a keylogger through XSS is that it can capture keystrokes entered by users, including sensitive information such as usernames and passwords.
10. In a Blind XSS attack, what distinguishes it from other XSS variants in terms of information disclosure?
- Blind XSS does not lead to information disclosure.
- In Blind XSS, the attacker is unaware of the injected payload's impact on users.
- Blind XSS only affects server-side components.
- Blind XSS targets only specific users.
In Blind XSS, the attacker is unaware of the injected payload's impact on users, making it distinct from other XSS variants in terms of information disclosure.
11. What characterizes a Stored XSS attack, and how does it contribute to information disclosure?
- Stored XSS attacks occur only in local environments and do not lead to information disclosure.
- In a Stored XSS attack, the malicious script is permanently stored on the target server and can impact multiple users, leading to information disclosure.
- Stored XSS attacks exclusively target browser extensions.
- Stored XSS attacks have no relation to information disclosure.
In a Stored XSS attack, the malicious script is permanently stored on the target server, impacting multiple users when they access the compromised page, leading to potential information disclosure.
12. How can attackers exploit XSS in combination with clickjacking for information disclosure?
- Clickjacking cannot be combined with XSS for information disclosure.
- By embedding the target web page within an attacker-controlled iframe and using XSS to interact with elements on the page without the user's knowledge.
- Clickjacking only affects the aesthetics of a website.
- By directly modifying the web application's source code.
Attackers can exploit XSS in combination with clickjacking by embedding the target web page within an attacker-controlled iframe, using XSS to interact with elements on the page without the user's knowledge, potentially leading to information disclosure.
13. How can attackers utilize XSS to exfiltrate sensitive data to an external domain?
- XSS attacks do not involve exfiltrating sensitive data.
- By injecting a malicious script that captures sensitive data and sends it to a domain controlled by the attacker.
- Exfiltration of sensitive data is only possible through server-side attacks.
- XSS attacks are limited to local environments.
Attackers can utilize XSS to exfiltrate sensitive data by injecting a malicious script that captures the data and sends it to a domain controlled by the attacker.
14. In a Document.cookie XSS attack, what information can an attacker potentially access?
- User's browser history.
- User's IP address.
- Contents of the user's cookies, including session tokens and other sensitive data.
- User's current URL.
In a Document.cookie XSS attack, an attacker can potentially access the contents of the user's cookies, including session tokens and other sensitive data.
15. How does SameSite cookie attribute help mitigate the risk of XSS attacks for information disclosure?
- SameSite cookies prevent XSS attacks entirely.
- SameSite cookies restrict the scope of cookies, reducing the impact of XSS attacks by limiting their access to sensitive cookies.
- SameSite cookies only impact the aesthetics of a website.
- SameSite cookies are relevant only for server administrators.
SameSite cookies help mitigate the risk of XSS attacks by restricting the scope of cookies, reducing the impact of XSS attacks by limiting their access to sensitive cookies.
16. How can attackers use XSS to manipulate client-side storage mechanisms, such as localStorage?
- XSS attacks cannot manipulate client-side storage.
- By injecting a malicious script that modifies or exfiltrates data stored in client-side storage mechanisms.
- Client-side storage manipulation is solely the concern of server administrators.
- By directly modifying the web application's source code.
Attackers can use XSS to manipulate client-side storage mechanisms, such as localStorage, by injecting a malicious script that modifies or exfiltrates data stored in these mechanisms.
17. What role does Content Security Policy (CSP) play in mitigating XSS attacks for information disclosure?
- CSP has no impact on XSS attacks.
- CSP mitigates XSS attacks by enforcing policies that restrict the execution of inline scripts and unauthorized external scripts.
- CSP only affects server-side components.
- CSP is relevant only for browser developers.
Content Security Policy (CSP) mitigates XSS attacks by enforcing policies that restrict the execution of inline scripts and unauthorized external scripts, reducing the impact of XSS attacks.
18. How does the Same-Origin Policy (SOP) contribute to preventing information disclosure in the context of XSS attacks?
- SOP has no impact on XSS attacks.
- SOP prevents the execution of scripts from different origins, reducing the risk of unauthorized information disclosure through XSS.
- SOP only affects server-side components.
- SOP is relevant only for browser developers.
The Same-Origin Policy (SOP) prevents the execution of scripts from different origins, reducing the risk of unauthorized information disclosure through XSS.
19. How can attackers use XSS to perform keystroke logging for information disclosure?
- XSS attacks do not involve keystroke logging.
- By injecting a malicious script that captures and sends keystrokes entered by users to an external server controlled by the attacker.
- Keystroke logging is only relevant for advanced users.
- Keystroke logging can only be performed through server-side attacks.
Attackers can use XSS to perform keystroke logging by injecting a malicious script that captures and sends keystrokes entered by users to an external server controlled by the attacker.
20. How can attackers use XSS to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM) and modify displayed content for information disclosure?
- XSS attacks do not impact the DOM.
- By injecting a malicious script that manipulates the DOM, altering the displayed content to deceive or disclose sensitive information.
- DOM manipulation is solely the concern of server administrators.
- By directly modifying the web application's source code.
Attackers can use XSS to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM) by injecting a malicious script that alters the displayed content, potentially deceiving users or disclosing sensitive information.
