Top 30 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) only focused on the Mitigations and Protections of native compiled applications in the context of web security covering below topics,along with their answers and explanations.
• Discussing modern mitigations and protections against native compiled application attacks.
• Explaining features like stack canaries, Control Flow Integrity (CFI), and compiler-based protections.
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1. What is the primary purpose of stack canaries in mitigating buffer overflow attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent all types of attacks
- To detect and prevent buffer overflow attacks by checking for modifications to the stack
- To compress the injected code
Stack canaries are used to detect and prevent buffer overflow attacks by checking for modifications to the stack.
2. How do stack canaries work in the context of buffer overflow protection?
- By encrypting the entire stack
- By inserting a random value before the return address on the stack
- By compressing the injected code
- By preventing buffer overflows
Stack canaries work by inserting a random value before the return address on the stack, and during function return, the canary is checked for modifications.
3. What is the role of Control Flow Integrity (CFI) in protecting against code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To ensure that the program's control flow follows a predefined set of rules, preventing deviations caused by attacks
- To compress the injected code
Control Flow Integrity (CFI) ensures that the program's control flow follows a predefined set of rules, preventing deviations caused by attacks.
4. How does CFI protect against control flow hijacking attacks, such as ROP attacks?
- By encrypting the entire program
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By enforcing a set of rules that restrict the legitimate control flow paths
- By preventing buffer overflows
CFI protects against control flow hijacking attacks, such as ROP attacks, by enforcing a set of rules that restrict the legitimate control flow paths within the program.
5. What is the primary purpose of Data Execution Prevention (DEP) in native compiled applications?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To randomize memory addresses
- To compress the injected code
The primary purpose of Data Execution Prevention (DEP) is to prevent buffer overflows by marking certain areas of memory as non-executable.
6. How does DEP contribute to preventing code execution in certain regions of memory?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By encrypting the entire program
- By preventing buffer overflows
DEP contributes to preventing code execution in certain regions of memory by marking those regions as non-executable and randomizing memory addresses.
7. What is the purpose of Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To randomize memory addresses, making it difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific functions or gadgets
- To compress the injected code
ASLR randomizes memory addresses, making it difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific functions or gadgets, thus mitigating code execution attacks.
8. How does ASLR contribute to the protection against Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks?
- By encrypting the entire program
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By enforcing a set of rules for the control flow
- By preventing buffer overflows
ASLR contributes to the protection against ROP attacks by randomizing memory addresses, making it challenging for attackers to construct reliable ROP chains.
9. What is the significance of non-executable stack and heap in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To encrypt the entire program
- To mark certain regions as non-executable, preventing the execution of injected code
Non-executable stack and heap mark certain regions as non-executable, preventing the execution of injected code and mitigating code execution attacks.
10. How does compiler-based protection, such as stack canaries, contribute to web security?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code
- By preventing buffer overflows
Compiler-based protection, such as stack canaries, contributes to web security by automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code.
11. What is the primary goal of stack canaries in the context of buffer overflow protection?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent all types of attacks
- To detect and prevent buffer overflow attacks by checking for modifications to the stack
- To compress the injected code
The primary goal of stack canaries in the context of buffer overflow protection is to detect and prevent buffer overflow attacks by checking for modifications to the stack.
12. How does stack canary protection react when a buffer overflow attempt is detected?
- By encrypting the entire stack
- By immediately terminating the program
- By compressing the injected code
- By preventing buffer overflows
Stack canary protection typically reacts to a detected buffer overflow attempt by immediately terminating the program to prevent further exploitation.
13. What is the purpose of "non-executable memory regions" in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To mark certain areas of memory as non-executable, preventing the execution of injected code
- To compress the injected code
"Non-executable memory regions" mark certain areas of memory as non-executable, preventing the execution of injected code and mitigating code execution attacks.
14. What is the significance of "CFI enforcement" in protecting against control flow hijacking attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To enforce a set of rules that restrict the legitimate control flow paths within the program
- To compress the injected code
"CFI enforcement" protects against control flow hijacking attacks by enforcing a set of rules that restrict the legitimate control flow paths within the program.
15. What is the purpose of "ASLR randomization" in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To randomize memory addresses, making it difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific functions or gadgets
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR randomization" mitigates code execution attacks by randomizing memory addresses, making it difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific functions or gadgets.
16. How does "DEP protection" contribute to preventing buffer overflow attacks?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By marking certain areas of memory as non-executable, preventing the execution of injected code
- By preventing buffer overflows
"DEP protection" contributes to preventing buffer overflow attacks by marking certain areas of memory as non-executable, preventing the execution of injected code.
17. What is the role of "ASLR protection" in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To randomize memory addresses, making it difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific functions or gadgets
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR protection" mitigates code execution attacks by randomizing memory addresses, making it difficult for attackers to predict the location of specific functions or gadgets.
18. How does "compiler-based protection" contribute to preventing code injection attacks?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code
- By preventing buffer overflows
"Compiler-based protection" contributes to preventing code injection attacks by automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code.
19. What is the purpose of "non-executable heap" in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To prevent the execution of injected code in the heap, mitigating certain types of attacks
- To compress the injected code
"Non-executable heap" mitigates code execution attacks by preventing the execution of injected code in the heap, mitigating certain types of attacks.
20. How does "stack canary protection" contribute to preventing code execution attacks?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By detecting and preventing buffer overflow attacks by checking for modifications to the stack
- By preventing buffer overflows
"Stack canary protection" contributes to preventing code execution attacks by detecting and preventing buffer overflow attacks through the use of canary values.
21. What is the significance of "ASLR with DEP enforcement" in web security?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To combine ASLR and DEP protections to address multiple layers of security
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR with DEP enforcement" in web security combines ASLR and DEP protections to address multiple layers of security, enhancing overall protection.
22. How does "compiler-based protection with ASLR" enhance web security?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and incorporating ASLR
- By preventing buffer overflows
"Compiler-based protection with ASLR" enhances web security by automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and incorporating ASLR for additional protection.
23. What is the role of "ASLR randomization with DEP enforcement" in mitigating code execution attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To combine ASLR randomization with DEP protections to address multiple layers of security
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR randomization with DEP enforcement" combines ASLR randomization with DEP protections to address multiple layers of security, mitigating code execution attacks.
24. How does "compiler-based protection with CFI enforcement" contribute to web security?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and enforcing CFI rules
- By preventing buffer overflows
"Compiler-based protection with CFI enforcement" contributes to web security by automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and enforcing CFI rules.
25. What is the purpose of "ASLR randomization with CFI enforcement" in mitigating control flow hijacking attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To combine ASLR randomization with CFI protections to address multiple layers of security
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR randomization with CFI enforcement" combines ASLR randomization with CFI protections to address multiple layers of security, mitigating control flow hijacking attacks.
26. How does "compiler-based protection with stack canary" enhance web security?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and incorporating stack canaries
- By preventing buffer overflows
"Compiler-based protection with stack canary" enhances web security by automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and incorporating stack canaries for additional protection against buffer overflows.
27. What is the role of "ASLR randomization with stack canary" in mitigating code execution and buffer overflow attacks?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To combine ASLR randomization with stack canary protections to address multiple layers of security
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR randomization with stack canary" combines ASLR randomization with stack canary protections to address multiple layers of security, mitigating both code execution and buffer overflow attacks.
28. How does "compiler-based protection with DEP enforcement" contribute to web security?
- By optimizing code execution speed
- By randomizing memory addresses
- By automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and enforcing DEP protections
- By preventing buffer overflows
"Compiler-based protection with DEP enforcement" contributes to web security by automatically inserting security mechanisms into the compiled code and enforcing DEP protections.
29. What is the purpose of "ASLR randomization with DEP protection and stack canary" in mitigating various attack vectors?
- To enhance code readability
- To prevent buffer overflows
- To combine ASLR randomization with DEP protection and stack canary to address multiple layers of security
- To compress the injected code
"ASLR randomization with DEP protection and stack canary" combines ASLR randomization with DEP protection and stack canary to address multiple layers of security, mitigating various attack vectors.
30. How do modern mitigations and protections contribute to the overall security of web applications and native compiled code?
- By preventing all types of attacks
- By introducing vulnerabilities for educational purposes
- By combining multiple layers of defense to mitigate various attack vectors and make exploitation challenging for attackers
- By compressing the injected code
Modern mitigations and protections contribute to the overall security of web applications and native compiled code by combining multiple layers of defense to mitigate various attack vectors and make exploitation challenging for attackers. These measures enhance the resilience of systems against a wide range of security threats.
