Data Communication and Networking - Network Layer: Internet Protocol Study Notes -EXAMRADAR

IPv4 is an unreliable connectionless protocol responsible for source-to-destination delivery.
Packets in the IPv4 layer are called datagrams. A datagram consists of a header (20 to 60 bytes) and data. The maximum length of a datagram is 65,535 bytes.
The MTU is the maximum number of bytes that a data link protocol can encapsulate. MTUs vary from protocol to protocol.
Fragmentation is the division of a datagram into smaller units to accommodate the MTU of a data link protocol.
The IPv4 datagram header consists of a fixed, 20-byte section and a variable options section with a maximum of 40 bytes.
The options section of the IPv4 header is used for network testing and debugging.
The six IPv4 options each have a specific function. They are as follows: filler between options for alignment purposes, padding, recording the route the datagram takes, selection of a mandatory route by the sender, selection of certain routers that must be visited, and recording of processing times at routers.
IPv6, the latest version of the Internet Protocol, has a 128-bit address space, a revised header format, new options, an allowance for extension, support for resource allocation, and increased security measures.
An IPv6 datagram is composed of a base header and a payload.
Extension headers add functionality to the IPv6 datagram.
Three strategies used to handle the transition from version 4 to version 6 are dual stack, tunneling, and header translation.

Reference – Data Communications and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan (Author)

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