Computers Basic MCQs Set-5

Computers can be classified based on their application into various categories, some of which are:

1. Personal Computers (PCs): These are general-purpose computers designed for individual use. They are commonly used for tasks such as word processing, browsing the internet, sending and receiving emails, and gaming.
2. Workstations: These are high-performance computers used for specialized tasks such as graphic design, 3D rendering, and scientific simulations.
3. Servers: These are computers that provide services to other computers or devices over a network. They are used for tasks such as hosting websites, storing data, and managing network resources.
4. Mainframes: These are large, powerful computers used by large organizations for critical applications such as processing financial transactions, managing inventory, and running complex simulations.
5. Supercomputers: These are the most powerful computers designed to perform complex scientific calculations and simulations, such as weather forecasting, nuclear simulations, and protein folding.
6. Embedded Systems

Third generation programming languages (3GLs) are high-level programming languages that were developed in the 1960s and are still widely used today. Here are some of their main features:

1. Structured programming: 3GLs are designed for structured programming, which means they use structured control flow constructs like loops and conditional statements to make code easier to read, understand, and maintain.
2. Portability: 3GLs are designed to be portable across different computer platforms, which means they can be compiled or interpreted on different operating systems and hardware architectures.
3. Abstraction: 3GLs provide a high level of abstraction, which means they allow programmers to work at a higher level of conceptualization, without having to worry about the underlying hardware or machine architecture.
4. Data types: 3GLs provide a wide variety of data types, including integers, floating-point numbers, characters, strings, arrays, and structures. This makes it easier for programmers to work with different kinds of data.
5. Libraries: 3GLs often come with extensive libraries of pre-written code that can be used to perform common programming tasks, such as file I/O, sorting, and mathematical calculations.
6. Debugging: 3GLs provide debugging tools that allow programmers to trace program execution, set breakpoints, and step through code line by line, making it easier to find and fix errors.

Overall, the features of 3GLs make them powerful tools for software development, enabling programmers to write complex applications with relative ease and efficiency.

• The type of memory for information that does not change on your computer is called "Read-Only Memory" or ROM. As the name suggests, ROM is a type of computer memory that is typically used to store permanent or semi-permanent data that is not intended to be modified or updated.
• ROM is non-volatile, which means that it retains its data even when the power to the computer is turned off. This makes it a useful type of memory for storing system-level information, such as the computer's BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) firmware or boot loader.
• There are different types of ROM, such as Mask ROM (MROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), and Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM). The difference between these types lies in how they are programmed and whether or not they can be erased or modified after being programmed.

• LSI (Large Scale Integration), VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), and ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) chips were used in the third and fourth generation of computers.
• Third-generation computers used LSI chips, which contained tens to hundreds of transistors per chip. This was a significant improvement over the previous generation's SSI (Small Scale Integration) and MSI (Medium Scale Integration) chips, which contained only a few transistors per chip.
• Fourth-generation computers used VLSI and ULSI chips, which contained thousands to millions of transistors per chip. This allowed for even greater miniaturization and increased processing power. VLSI and ULSI chips were used to create microprocessors, memory chips, and other complex integrated circuits that were essential to the development of modern computers.
• Today, ULSI technology is still used in the design and manufacture of advanced microprocessors and other integrated circuits, allowing for even greater levels of miniaturization and processing power.

While computers are a type of electronic calculating machine, there are several characteristics that distinguish them from earlier forms of electronic calculators. Some of these distinguishing characteristics include:

1. General-purpose computing: Unlike earlier electronic calculators, which were designed to perform specific arithmetic or mathematical functions, computers are designed to perform a wide range of general-purpose computing tasks, including data processing, storage, retrieval, and communication.
2. Programmability: Computers are programmable, which means they can be programmed to perform a wide range of different tasks or operations. This is in contrast to earlier electronic calculators, which were often limited to a fixed set of functions or operations.
3. Flexibility: Computers are highly flexible and can be reprogrammed or reconfigured to perform different tasks or operations. This makes them well-suited for a wide range of different applications, from scientific research to business operations.
4. Storage capacity: Computers have the ability to store and retrieve large amounts of data, which is essential for many applications. This is in contrast to earlier electronic calculators, which typically had very limited storage capacity.
5. Connectivity: Computers are designed to be connected to other computers and devices, enabling communication and data exchange across networks and the internet. This is another key feature that distinguishes them from earlier electronic calculators.

Overall, while computers share some similarities with earlier electronic calculators, their general-purpose computing capabilities, programmability, flexibility, storage capacity, and connectivity make them much more powerful and versatile tools for a wide range of applications.