Hello Friends,this section is specifically dedicated to those users who wants to clear the fundamental of computer science. Here we have included Computers Computers Science Basics Questions Answers, multiple choice questions with answers(MCQs). Students can expect some questions from this section for sure in the respective university exams,competitive exams and interviews.So practice it well and enjoy with good score you expect.
1. All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks EXCEPT
- hackers
- Spam
- Viruses
- identity theft
Spam refers to unsolicited or unwanted messages, typically sent in bulk via electronic communication channels such as email, messaging apps, or social media platforms. These messages are often commercial in nature, promoting products, services, or fraudulent schemes. The primary characteristic of spam is that it is sent without the recipient's consent or solicitation.
Spam messages are often sent indiscriminately to a large number of recipients, with the intention of reaching as many people as possible. They can be a nuisance, as they clutter inboxes, consume network bandwidth, and may contain malicious content or phishing attempts.
To combat spam, various techniques and technologies have been developed, including spam filters, blacklists, and email authentication protocols. These tools help identify and filter out spam messages, reducing their impact on users.
It's important for users to exercise caution when dealing with spam messages and avoid clicking on suspicious links or providing personal information in response to such messages. Spam is an ongoing challenge in the digital world, and efforts are continuously made to minimize its impact and protect users from unwanted and potentially harmful communications.
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major data processing functions of a computer?
- gathering data
- processing data into information
- analyzing the data or information
- storing the data or information
- None of the above
The four major data processing functions of a computer are:
1. Input: This involves gathering or capturing data and instructions from external sources and bringing them into the computer system. Input devices such as keyboards, mice, scanners, sensors, and microphones are used to input data into the computer.
2. Processing: Once the data is inputted, the computer processes the data by performing calculations, manipulating the data, and executing instructions. This processing is carried out by the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of the computer.
3. Output: After processing, the computer produces output by presenting the results or information in a human-readable or machine-readable format. Output devices such as monitors, printers, speakers, and storage media are used to display, print, or store the output.
4. Storage: Data and instructions that are not being actively processed or used are stored in various types of storage media, such as hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical disks, or cloud storage. This allows for the persistent storage and retrieval of data for future use.
These four functions—input, processing, output, and storage—are collectively known as the data processing cycle and form the core operations of a computer system.
3. All of the following are examples of storage devices EXCEPT :
- hard disk drives
- printers
- floppy disk drives
- CD drives
Printers are peripheral devices that are used to produce hard copies or physical copies of documents, images, or other digital content stored in a computer or other electronic devices. They are an essential component of many computer systems and office environments.
Printers work by transferring digital data from a computer to paper or other printable media. They use various printing technologies to create the printed output.
4. The CPU and memory are located on the :
- expansion board
- motherboard
- storage device
- output device
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) and memory are located on the motherboard of a computer system.
The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer that connects and integrates various components, including the CPU, memory modules, expansion slots, storage devices, and other peripheral devices. It provides the electrical and physical connections necessary for these components to communicate and work together.
The CPU is typically housed in a socket on the motherboard. It is the primary processing unit of the computer responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. The CPU contains the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and control unit, as well as registers for temporary storage of data and instructions.
Memory modules, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), are also connected to the motherboard. These modules are used to store data and instructions temporarily, allowing the CPU to access and manipulate information quickly during program execution.
The motherboard acts as the central hub, facilitating communication between the CPU, memory, storage devices, expansion cards, and other components. It provides the necessary data and power connections to ensure the proper functioning of the CPU and memory.
Overall, the CPU and memory are physically located on the motherboard, working together to carry out the computational tasks of the computer system.
5. …………… is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do
- Nanoscience
- Nanotechnology
- Simulation
- Artificial intelligence (Al)
The field of study that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence as humans is known as "Artificial Intelligence" (AI).
Artificial Intelligence focuses on the development of computer systems and algorithms that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. It encompasses various subfields, including machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, expert systems, and more.
The goal of AI is to create intelligent machines that can perceive and understand the environment, reason and make decisions, learn from experience, communicate effectively, and exhibit behaviors that are considered intelligent. This involves emulating or simulating human cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, pattern recognition, knowledge representation, planning, and decision-making.
AI researchers and practitioners employ various techniques, including symbolic reasoning, statistical modeling, neural networks, deep learning, and reinforcement learning, among others, to develop AI systems capable of solving complex problems and exhibiting intelligent behavior.
While AI aims to achieve human-like intelligence, it is important to note that AI systems currently lack the comprehensive understanding and general intelligence exhibited by humans. However, significant advancements have been made in specific domains, leading to practical applications in areas such as natural language processing, image recognition, autonomous vehicles, virtual assistants, and many more.
The field of AI continues to evolve, driven by ongoing research, advancements in computing power, and the increasing availability of large datasets. The ultimate goal is to develop AI systems that can adapt, reason, learn, and interact with humans and their environment in a manner that is indistinguishable from human intelligence.
6. Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a :
- networked
- mainframe
- supercomputer
- client
A mainframe computer is a large, powerful, and high-performance computer system designed to handle extensive processing and data storage tasks. It serves as a central hub within a network, providing resources and services to multiple users or client computers.
Mainframes are known for their scalability, reliability, and ability to handle massive workloads. They are typically used in enterprise-level environments where large-scale data processing, transaction processing, and high-volume computations are required.
Mainframes can support multiple users simultaneously, each accessing the system through terminals or networked devices. They offer robust security features, centralized management capabilities, and advanced virtualization technologies to efficiently utilize system resources.
Mainframes are commonly used in industries such as banking, finance, government, healthcare, and large-scale enterprise applications where reliability, data integrity, and high availability are critical.
7. When creating a computer program, the ……… designs the structure of the program
- End user
- System Analyst
- Programmer
- All of the above
When creating a computer program, the "system analyst" plays a key role in designing the structure of the program.
A system analyst is responsible for studying, analyzing, and understanding the requirements and needs of a system or project. They work closely with stakeholders, including clients, users, and developers, to gather and document requirements, identify problems or areas for improvement, and propose solutions.
One of the primary tasks of a system analyst is to analyze the requirements and translate them into a detailed system design. They examine the functional and non-functional requirements of the system and design the overall structure, modules, and components that make up the program. They consider factors such as system architecture, data flow, user interface design, security, performance, and integration with other systems.
The system analyst collaborates with the development team, including software architects, programmers, and designers, to ensure that the system design is feasible and meets the desired goals. They provide guidance and clarification throughout the development process, helping to bridge the gap between the technical aspects of programming and the business or user requirements.
In summary, the system analyst is responsible for analyzing requirements, designing the system structure, and ensuring that the program meets the desired objectives. They act as a liaison between stakeholders and the development team, ensuring that the program's design aligns with the needs and expectations of the users and clients.
8. A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at one time
- Interpreter
- simulator
- characters
- compiler
A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at one time is called a "compiler."
A compiler is a software tool that takes the source code of a program written in a high-level programming language, such as C, C++, Java, or Python, and translates it into machine code or executable code that can be directly executed by the computer's processor.
The compilation process involves multiple stages, including lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation, and optimization. The compiler analyzes the entire program as a whole, checking for syntax errors, performing type checking, and translating the source code into an equivalent set of machine instructions that can be executed by the computer.
Once the compilation process is complete, the resulting compiled program can be executed repeatedly without the need for recompilation, as the conversion to machine language has already taken place. This allows for faster execution and better performance compared to interpreted languages, where the program is translated and executed line by line at runtime.
Compilers are essential tools for software development, as they enable programmers to write programs in higher-level languages and have them translated into efficient machine code that can run on different hardware platforms.
9. Computers process data into information by working exclusively with :
- multimedia
- word
- numbers
- characters
Computers process data into information by working exclusively with "binary code" or "binary representation."
Binary code is a system of representing data and instructions in computers using a two-symbol system, typically 0s and 1s. These symbols correspond to the two states of an electronic switch, such as on/off or high/low voltage.
Computers internally operate using electronic circuits that can distinguish between these two states. By arranging these 0s and 1s in various sequences, computers can represent and process different types of data, including numbers, text, images, sounds, and more.
Through a series of electronic components, such as logic gates, microprocessors, and integrated circuits, computers manipulate and process these binary patterns. They perform calculations, execute instructions, and carry out various operations to transform raw data into meaningful information.
Ultimately, the binary representation and manipulation of data by computers form the foundation of digital computing and the processing of data into useful information.
10. The difference between people with access to computers and the Internet and those without this access is known as the :
- digital divide
- Internet divide
- Web divide
- E-illiteracy
The difference between people with access to computers and the Internet and those without this access is known as the "digital divide."
The digital divide refers to the gap or disparity that exists between individuals or communities based on their access to and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), particularly computers and the Internet. It encompasses differences in physical access to devices and infrastructure, as well as disparities in digital literacy, skills, affordability, and the ability to utilize technology effectively.
The digital divide can manifest on both a global scale, with discrepancies between countries or regions, as well as within a single country or community. It can be influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status, geographic location, education levels, age, and cultural barriers.
Those who have access to computers and the Internet often benefit from increased opportunities for education, employment, communication, information access, and participation in the digital economy. On the other hand, individuals or communities lacking access to ICTs face limited opportunities and are at a disadvantage in terms of social, educational, and economic development.
Efforts are being made by governments, organizations, and individuals to bridge the digital divide through initiatives such as expanding infrastructure, providing affordable access, promoting digital literacy programs, and fostering inclusive technology policies. The goal is to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background or circumstances, has equal opportunities to access and utilize digital technologies for their benefit.