Internet Basics MCQs Set 11

During an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) session, two connections are opened:

1. Control Connection: This connection is established between the FTP client and the FTP server. It is used for sending commands, such as login credentials, directory navigation, and transfer requests. The control connection remains open throughout the session to facilitate communication between the client and the server.

2. Data Connection: The data connection is separate from the control connection and is used for the actual transfer of data (files) between the client and the server. The data connection is opened and closed for each file transfer. There are two modes of data transfer in FTP:

a. Active Mode: In active mode, the FTP server initiates the data connection to the client. The client listens on a specific port for incoming data connections. When the server needs to send data, it connects to the client's IP address and port, establishing the data connection.

b. Passive Mode: In passive mode, the client initiates the data connection to the server. The server listens on a specific port range for incoming data connections. When the client needs to receive data, it connects to the server's IP address and port, establishing the data connection.

In summary, the control connection remains open throughout the FTP session, while the data connection is opened and closed for each file transfer, depending on the mode (active or passive) being used.

Data Connection: The data connection is opened and closed as needed during the FTP session to transfer file data. The data connection is established separately from the control connection, and it serves the purpose of transmitting actual file content. The data connection can be set up in two modes: active mode or passive mode.

• • Active Mode: In active mode, the FTP client initiates the data connection by specifying an IP address and port for the server to connect to. The client listens on a specific port for the incoming data connection from the server. Once the data transfer is complete, the data connection is closed.
  • Passive Mode: In passive mode, the FTP server provides an IP address and port for the client to establish the data connection. The server listens on a specific port range for the incoming data connection from the client. Once the data transfer is complete, the data connection is closed.

To summarize, the control connection is opened at the beginning of the FTP session and remains open until the session ends. The data connection, on the other hand, is opened and closed as required during the session for transferring file data.

If the file to transfer is very large, it is often recommended to use the services of FTP (File Transfer Protocol) in conjunction with a file compression or archiving tool. By compressing or archiving the large file, you can reduce its size and facilitate faster transfer over the network.

One common approach is to use file compression formats such as ZIP, RAR, or GZIP to create an archive of the large file or a group of files. This compression process reduces the overall size of the file(s), making it more efficient to transfer them.

Additionally, some FTP clients and servers support built-in compression mechanisms, such as FTP with zlib compression, which can further optimize the transfer of large files.

Using file compression or archiving techniques in combination with FTP can help mitigate the challenges posed by transferring large files, improving transfer speeds and efficiency.

Yes, TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol that is specifically designed for transferring small files. TFTP is a simplified version of FTP and is often used for simple and lightweight file transfers, particularly in scenarios where large feature sets or complex authentication are not required.

TFTP has a smaller overhead compared to FTP and is commonly used for tasks such as firmware updates, bootstrapping network devices, or transferring configuration files. It operates on UDP (User Datagram Protocol) rather than TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which makes it faster for small file transfers but less reliable compared to protocols that use TCP.

TFTP is a connectionless protocol and does not require a control connection like FTP. It uses a single data connection to transfer files between the client and server. However, it lacks advanced features such as authentication, directory listing, and file renaming, making it suitable for simple file transfers but less suitable for complex scenarios.

So, if the requirement is to transfer small files quickly and with minimal overhead, TFTP can be a viable option.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) refers to the practice of improving a website's visibility and ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs). It involves optimizing various aspects of a website to make it more attractive to search engines and to increase organic (non-paid) traffic from search engine users.

Learn more about : What is search engine optimization (SEO)?

Meta tags are snippets of HTML code that provide information about a webpage to search engines and website browsers. They are placed within the <head></head> section of an HTML document and are not visible to website visitors unless they view the page source or inspect the elements.

Here is a list of common meta tags used in HTML:

1. `<title>`: Defines the title of a webpage.
2. `<meta name="description" content="...">`: Provides a brief description of the webpage.
3. `<meta name="keywords" content="...">`: Specifies keywords related to the webpage (less important now).
4. `<meta name="robots" content="...">`: Instructs search engine crawlers on how to handle the webpage.
5. `<link rel="canonical" href="...">`: Specifies the preferred URL when multiple versions of a webpage exist.
6. `<meta property="og:title" content="...">`: Defines the title for social media sharing (Open Graph).
7. `<meta property="og:description" content="...">`: Provides a description for social media sharing (Open Graph).
8. `<meta property="og:image" content="...">`: Specifies an image to accompany social media sharing (Open Graph).
9. `<meta name="viewport" content="...">`: Sets the viewport properties for responsive web design.
10. `<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="...">`: Redirects or refreshes the webpage after a specific time.

Please note that the actual content within the `content` attribute may vary depending on the specific use case and desired information to be conveyed to search engines or social media platforms.

Learn more about : What are meta tags?

The term "Web 2.0" refers to a concept and a set of technologies and practices that emerged in the early 2000s, signifying a shift in the way websites and web applications were developed and used. Web 2.0 represents a transition from static web pages to dynamic and interactive online platforms that encourage user participation, collaboration, and content creation.

Learn more about : What is meant by web 2.0?

In electronic cash payment systems, the following aspects apply:

(i) A customer withdraws "coins" in various denominations signed by the bank: Electronic cash systems involve the issuance of digital tokens or "coins" by the bank to customers. These coins are cryptographic representations of monetary value and are signed by the bank to ensure their authenticity.

(ii) The bank has a database of issued coins: The bank maintains a database or ledger that tracks the issuance of digital coins to customers. This database keeps a record of the coins in circulation and their respective ownership.

(iii) The bank has a database of spent coins: When customers make electronic cash payments, the bank keeps a database of spent coins. This database tracks the transactions where the coins are transferred from one party to another.