Web Fundamental MCQs SET-9

Yes, the internet uses packet switching as its fundamental method of transmitting data. Packet switching is a technique where data is divided into small, discrete units called packets. Each packet contains a portion of the data, along with the necessary addressing and control information.

When you send data over the internet, such as a web page, email, or video stream, it is broken down into packets at the source. These packets are then independently routed across the network to the destination. Along the way, they may take different paths and be reassembled in the correct order at the receiving end.

Packet switching offers several advantages over other methods of data transmission, such as circuit switching. It allows for efficient and shared use of network resources, as packets from multiple sources can be interleaved and transmitted over the same network links. It also enables robustness and fault tolerance, as packets can take alternative routes if a particular network path is congested or unavailable.

Overall, packet switching forms the backbone of the modern internet, facilitating the efficient and reliable transmission of data across networks worldwide.

Learn more about : What is Packet switching ?

To carry out B2B e-commerce effectively, the following infrastructure components are essential:

I. World Wide Web: The World Wide Web (WWW) provides the foundation for online interactions and information exchange. It enables businesses to create websites, host online catalogs, display product information, and facilitate online transactions.

II. Corporate network: A secure and reliable corporate network is crucial for B2B e-commerce. It allows internal communication within an organization and ensures seamless connectivity between different departments, such as sales, marketing, inventory management, and customer support.

III. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standards: EDI standards define the format and structure for exchanging electronic business documents between trading partners. They establish a common language and ensure compatibility and interoperability between different systems. Implementing EDI standards streamlines the exchange of purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices, and other essential documents in a standardized and automated manner.

IV. Secure Payment Services: Secure payment services are necessary for conducting financial transactions in B2B e-commerce. This may include payment gateways, online banking systems, or other secure electronic payment methods. These services ensure the confidentiality and integrity of financial data and provide a convenient and trustworthy payment mechanism for businesses.

V. Secure electronic communication link connecting businesses: Establishing a secure electronic communication link, such as a Virtual Private Network (VPN), between businesses is crucial for transmitting sensitive information securely. It ensures that data exchanged between trading partners, including purchase orders, contracts, and customer data, remains confidential and protected from unauthorized access.

By having these infrastructure components in place, businesses can effectively engage in B2B e-commerce, streamline processes, enhance communication, and securely exchange information and transactions with their trading partners.

Before using any other application program, TCP/IP typically utilizes the services of the DNS (Domain Name System).

The DNS is responsible for resolving domain names to their corresponding IP addresses. When a client wants to communicate with a server using a domain name (e.g., www.example.com), the client sends a DNS query to a DNS server. The DNS server then looks up the IP address associated with that domain name and returns it to the client. Once the client knows the IP address, it can establish a TCP/IP connection with the server.

In summary, the DNS is an essential service that TCP/IP relies on to map domain names to IP addresses, enabling effective communication over the internet.

The domain "[email protected]" is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) domain. The ".com" domain extension is one of the most commonly used gTLDs worldwide. It is primarily associated with commercial entities and is used by a wide range of businesses, organizations, and individuals for various purposes. So, "yyyy.com" represents a generic domain.

The domain "[email protected]" is not a generic domain. It is a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) associated with the United States government. The ".gov" domain extension is exclusively reserved for U.S. government entities, and it is not considered a generic top-level domain (gTLD) that is available for general use.

The domain "yyyy.fr" is a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) specifically associated with France. The ".fr" domain extension is reserved for entities, organizations, or individuals located or associated with France. Therefore, "yyyy.fr" is a domain associated with France, indicating it is a country domain.

In packet switching, which is the fundamental technique used on the internet, data is indeed divided into packets. However, it's important to note that these packets are of fixed length, not variable length.

In packet switching, the data being transmitted is divided into smaller units called packets. Each packet consists of a header section and a payload section. The header contains control information, such as the source and destination addresses, error detection codes, and sequencing information. The payload section contains a portion of the actual data being transmitted.

The packets used in packet switching are typically of fixed length. For example, in the case of Internet Protocol (IP), which is the primary protocol used on the internet, the packets are known as IP datagrams and have a fixed maximum size of 65,535 bytes. Most commonly, IP datagrams are around 1,500 bytes in size due to network constraints (known as the Maximum Transmission Unit or MTU).

By breaking the data into fixed-length packets, packet switching allows for efficient transmission and routing of data across networks. It enables the sharing of network resources, as packets from multiple sources can be interleaved and transmitted simultaneously over the same network links. It also provides flexibility in routing, as packets can take different paths to reach the destination.

Therefore, to clarify, internet data is divided into fixed-length packets for transmission through packet switching networks, such as the IP-based internet.

The item that is not typically part of the Internet packet data structure is:
III. Serial number of packets

While the source address (I), destination address (II), message bytes (IV), control bits for error checking (V), and path identification bits (VI) are commonly included in the packet data structure, the serial number of packets (III) is not typically part of the standard Internet packet structure. Serial numbers or sequence numbers may be used in higher-level protocols or within specific applications to ensure the correct ordering or delivery of packets, but they are not a universal component of the basic Internet packet structure.

To carry out B2C e-commerce effectively, the following infrastructure components are essential:

i. World Wide Web: The World Wide Web (WWW) forms the foundation of online interactions in B2C e-commerce. It enables businesses to create websites, host online stores, showcase products, provide product information, and facilitate online transactions with individual consumers.

ii. Corporate network: While a corporate network is crucial for internal communication within an organization, it is not directly related to B2C e-commerce. B2C transactions typically occur over the internet, and businesses connect with consumers through their websites or online platforms.

iii. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standards: EDI standards are primarily used in B2B e-commerce for the automated exchange of business documents between trading partners. In B2C e-commerce, however, direct interactions between businesses and individual consumers usually rely on web-based interfaces and protocols rather than EDI standards.

iv. Secure Payment Services: Secure payment services play a vital role in B2C e-commerce. They allow businesses to securely process online payments from customers. This may involve integrating with payment gateways, implementing secure online payment methods, and ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of financial transactions.

v. Secure electronic communication link connecting businesses: In B2C e-commerce, businesses need to establish a secure electronic communication link with consumers rather than solely between businesses. This includes using secure protocols such as HTTPS for website communication, implementing SSL/TLS encryption for data transmission, and ensuring the protection of consumer data.

To summarize, while some components, such as the World Wide Web and secure payment services, are crucial for both B2B and B2C e-commerce, the specific infrastructure needs for B2C transactions differ

To carry out C2C (consumer-to-consumer) e-commerce effectively, the following infrastructure components are essential:

i. World Wide Web: The World Wide Web (WWW) forms the foundation of online interactions in C2C e-commerce. It provides platforms and websites where individual consumers can engage in buying and selling activities with other consumers.

ii. Corporate network: A corporate network is not directly related to C2C e-commerce. C2C transactions typically occur over the internet, and they involve individual consumers interacting with each other rather than with corporate entities.

iii. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) standards: EDI standards are primarily used in B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce for automated document exchange. C2C transactions generally do not rely on EDI standards. Instead, they utilize web-based interfaces and platforms for individuals to interact directly with each other.

iv. Secure Payment Services: Secure payment services play a crucial role in C2C e-commerce. They enable individuals to securely process payments when buying or selling goods or services to other individuals. This involves integrating with payment gateways, implementing secure payment methods, and ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of financial transactions.

v. Secure electronic communication link connecting businesses: In C2C e-commerce, there is no direct need for a secure electronic communication link connecting businesses since transactions occur between individual consumers. However, it is essential to have secure communication protocols, such as HTTPS, to ensure secure interactions and protect personal and financial information during C2C transactions.

To summarize, the essential infrastructure components for C2C e-commerce include the World Wide Web as the platform for interactions, secure payment services to facilitate financial transactions, and secure communication protocols to ensure data protection. Corporate networks and EDI standards are not typically applicable to C2C e-commerce scenarios.